[Adjuvants: A second wind for antibiotics]. / Adjuvants : un second souffle pour les antibiotiques.

TITLE: Adjuvants : un second souffle pour les antibiotiques. ABSTRACT: Dans le cadre de l'unité d'enseignement « Rédiger en sciences ¼ proposée par Aix-Marseille Université, les étudiants du master 2 microbiologie - en partenariat avec l'Institut de Microbiologie, bioénergies et biotechnologie - ont été confrontés aux exigences de l'écriture scientifique. Trois thématiques leur ont été proposées : la résistance aux antibiotiques, les chaperons moléculaires et la polymérase des coronavirus. Les étudiants ont rédigé une Nouvelle soulignant les résultats majeurs et l'originalité des articles étudiés. Complété par un entretien avec leurs auteurs, l'ensemble offre un éclairage original sur la compréhension du vivant dans le domaine de la microbiologie et de la santé.

Role of melatonin in the treatment of COVID-19; as an adjuvant through cluster differentiation 147 (CD147).

COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak quickly has turned into a pandemic. However, no specific antiviral agent is yet available. In this communication, we aimed to evaluate the significance of CD147 protein and the potential protective effect of melatonin that is mediated by this protein in COVID-19. CD147 is a glycoprotein that is responsible for the cytokine storm in the lungs through the mediation of viral invasion. Melatonin use previously was shown to reduce cardiac damage by blocking the CD147 activity. Hence, melatonin, a safe drug, may prevent severe symptoms, reduce symptom severity and the adverse effects of the other antiviral drugs in COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, the use of melatonin, which is reduced in the elderly and immune-compromised patients, should be considered as an adjuvant through its CD147 suppressor and immunomodulatory effect.

Melatonin's Impact on Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Reprogramming in Homeostasis and Disease.

There is a growing consensus that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of melatonin are of great importance in preserving the body functions and homeostasis, with great impact in the peripartum period and adult life. Melatonin promotes adaptation through allostasis and stands out as an endogenous, dietary, and therapeutic molecule with important health benefits. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of melatonin are intertwined and are exerted throughout pregnancy and later during development and aging. Melatonin supplementation during pregnancy can reduce ischemia-induced oxidative damage in the fetal brain, increase offspring survival in inflammatory states, and reduce blood pressure in the adult offspring. In adulthood, disturbances in melatonin production negatively impact the progression of cardiovascular risk factors and promote cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The most studied cardiovascular effects of melatonin are linked to hypertension and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, while the most promising ones are linked to regaining control of metabolic syndrome components. In addition, there might be an emerging role for melatonin as an adjuvant in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19). The present review summarizes and comments on important data regarding the roles exerted by melatonin in homeostasis and oxidative stress and inflammation related pathologies.

A study on clinical effect of Arbidol combined with adjuvant therapy on COVID-19.

This study aims to explore the clinical effect of Arbidol (ARB) combined with adjuvant therapy on patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The study included 62 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the First Hospital of Jiaxing from January to March 2020, and all patients were divided into the test group and the control group according to whether they received ARB during hospitalization. Various indexes in the two groups before and after treatment were observed and recorded, including fever, cough, hypodynamia, nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, diarrhea, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), blood routine indexes, blood biochemical indexes, time to achieve negative virus nucleic acid, and so on. The fever and cough in the test group were relieved markedly faster than those in the control group (P < .05); there was no obvious difference between the two groups concerning the percentage of patients with abnormal CRP, PCT, blood routine indexes, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase (P > .05); the time for two consecutive negative nucleic acid tests in the test group were shorter than that in the control group; the hospitalization period of the patients in the test group and control group were (16.5 ± 7.14) days and (18.55 ± 7.52) days, respectively. ARB combined with adjuvant therapy might be able to relieve the fever of COVID-19 sufferers faster and accelerate the cure time to some degree, hence it's recommended for further research clinically.